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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Nectar robbing ： ウィキペディア英語版 Nectar robbing Nectar robbing is a bird's, insect's, mammal's, or other animal's removing floral nectar from a flowering plant, most often by chewing or piercing a hole in the corolla, rather than by entering through the flower's natural opening. In this way animals without morphological adaptations required by the structure of a particular flower can access nectar. The animal may thus avoid touching the flower's reproductive parts, and circumvent the mutualistic requirement of the plant-pollinator relationship. It has been suggested that flower visitors which neither damage nor pollinate a plant be called nectar thieves to distinguish them from nectar robbers. The term floral larcenist has been proposed to include both nectar robbers and nectar thieves. Nectar robbers include some carpenter bees, bumblebees, stingless ''Trigona'' bees, wasps, ants, hummingbirds, and flowerpiercer birds (''Diglossa''). Nectar robbing has been recorded in a fruit bat.〔Olmos, F. & Boulhosa, R. (2000). A meeting of opportunists: birds and other visitors to Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) in florescences. Ararajuba 8(2):93–98.〕 Among mammals, the squirrel ''Tamiops swinhoei hainanus'' robs nectar from the ginger plant ''Alpinia kwangsiensis''.〔Deng, X., Ren, P., Gao, J. & Li, Q. (2004). The Striped Squirrel (Tamiops swinhoei hainanus) as a Nectar Robber of Ginger (Alpinia kwangsiensis). Biotropica. 36(4):633–636.〕 ==History== Charles Darwin believed that nectar robbing always had a negative impact on the plant〔Darwin, C. (1841). Humble-Bees. 142–145 in P. H. Barrett, editor. ''The collected papers of Charles Darwin'', Volume 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.〕〔Darwin, C. (1872). ''The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom''. Murray, London, UK.〕 and his assumption was unquestioned into the late twentieth century.〔 But the impact of nectar robbing on plants is less straightforward: only one third of studies reveal a negative impact on the plant, while others have shown either neutral or positive effects.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nectar robbing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.